Difficult to keep a good balance between labour and equipment needs.Inventories of materials in process are high and large storage space is required because of slow movement of materials.Materials handling and transportation costs are high since products follow different routes every time and use of conveyors becomes uneconomical.Work routing, scheduling and cost of accounting are costly due to separate costing of every new order.Operations cost per unit may be higher-often much higher because of the slow operation of the general purpose machines used.Allows incentives pay system to individual workers to raise the level of their performance. Makes easier the continuity of product in the event of :Ħ. Readily adaptable to intermittent demands.Ĥ. Adaptable to a variety of products and to frequent changes in sequence of operations.ģ. Better machine utilisation allows lower machine investment.Ģ. It is more flexible almost in all respects.ġ.The arrangement is adopted to variety of products and intermittent demand.Frequent changes in product design and in sequence of operations are possible.Highly skilled operators are allowed to complete their work at one point and responsibility for quality is fixed on one person or assembly crew. Handling of major assembly is a reduced.Advantages of fixed position layout are :. When the skill of workmanship lies in the abilities of workers or when it is designed to fix the responsibility of product quality on one workman or group of workers.Įxamples of this type of layout are : sound stages on a movie lot, aircraft, locomotive, ship assembly shops, shipyards, etc.When the cost of moving the major piece of material is high.When only one or a few pieces of an item are to be manufactured.When material forming or treating operation requires only tools or simple machines.This layout is observed to be used under following conditions : The equipment, personnel required for the product manufacture are removed to the product, rather vice versa. In fixed position plant layout, the product by virtue of its bulk or weight remains at one location. In this type of layout an existing functional layout is converted to group layout to derive all benefits of product layout. Group layout is based on group technology philosophy is accepted as the fourth type of layout. According to work flow pattern, four basic types of layout are used in manufacturing operations. The pattern by which departments and facilities within departments are arranged may be viewed either in terms of work flow or the function of the productive system. Promote effective utilisation of manpower.Utilize equipment and facilities in the best possible way.Make effective and economical use of floor space.Maintain high turnover of work-in-process.Maintain flexibility of arrangement and of cooperation to meet changing needs.Afford economically output quantity and quality.
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